Audience theories

Hypodermic needle model

1. The Mail Online article links with the hypodermic needle model as it suggests that violent video games influences audiences behaviour as they become more aggressive when in certain situations. It also links with the theory as it suggests that audiences are passive and are 'injected' by the media with information.
2. The coverage of the Talk Talk hacking case links with the Hypodermic Needle Model because suggests that the video games 'inject' the audience with the violent scenes, which encourages them to perform the scenes in real life. However, this front page could be non-reliable and biased as it influences the readers to believe their view on video games.

Two-step flow model

1.  In my opinion, I think that the two-step flow model is still relevant today because it includes the influence society has and how this causes them to view certain stories.
2. TotalBiscuit would fit into the two-step flow model as he acts as a opinion leader. This is because the audience are still learning about what he is talking about but through his opinion/point of view.
3.  The Telegraph's article on Influential tweeters fits into the two-step model because it shows that single media outlets are the only influence on the audiences opinions. It also shows that other people's opinion are influential on the audiences opinions.
4. Jamal Edwards fits into the two-step model because he has his own opinion and doesn't just consume.

Uses and Gratification 

Diversion: escape from everyday problems and routine - entertainment

Eastenders: fits in with diversion as the audience want to escape their own lives and be part of somebody else's. This could be because Eastenders typically have characters that have troubled lives, which is perfect for people that just want to escape.

Personal Relationships: using the media for emotional and other interaction

Downtown Abby: fits in with personal relationships as the audience can make an emotional connection with each character. This enables them to make a personal relationship with the characters.

Personal Identity: finding ourselves reflected in texts or learning behaviour and values from the media. Reality TV or documentary

The Only Way Is Essex: allows the audience to relate with the characters' lives on the show. Maybe even aspire to be like them and adopt the same likes and interests.

Surveillance: Information useful for living 

BBC Weather: fits in with surveillance as it informs and educates us on what is going on around the world. This can be accessed by TV or an app on your phone or tablet. This is a great way of getting instant news whenever, wherever.